A new cross-border study under the initiative of the project Green Climate Change Adaptation Solutions for Smart and Resilient Cities in BSB reveals that pedestrian heat exposure varies significantly across Black Sea cities — with inland areas facing the most severe thermal stress.
The Thermal Walking activity was conducted in summer 2025 in Batumi, Kavala, Sozopol and Uzunköprü. Researchers combined on-site microclimatic measurements with pedestrian surveys to evaluate real-life thermal comfort during peak summer hours (11:00–15:00).
Key Findings
- Uzunköprü recorded the highest heat stress levels, with PET (Physiological Equivalent Temperature) values exceeding 41°C — classified as extreme heat stress.
- Batumi and Sozopol, influenced by coastal conditions, showed comparatively moderate heat stress levels.
- Kavala demonstrated transitional patterns, with increasing discomfort from coastal zones toward the urban core.
- Shading and wind circulation were identified as the most decisive factors affecting pedestrian comfort.
Even short walking intervals (2–3 minutes) significantly influenced perceived heat levels.
Rising temperatures and more frequent heat waves increase health risks, particularly for vulnerable populations. The findings highlight that:
- Street design directly impacts public health.
- Tree canopy, shaded corridors, and ventilation pathways reduce heat stress.
- Climate-responsive planning enhances walkability and urban resilience.
The study calls for expanded urban tree coverage, shaded pedestrian routes, climate-sensitive street materials, improved airflow corridors and heat-adaptive urban design standards. By integrating scientific data with citizen perception, the project provides practical guidance for municipalities aiming to build smarter, healthier, and more climate-resilient cities.
The findings will serve as a key input for the development of the Pathway Planning Guide supporting policymakers in designing effective, evidence-based urban heat resilience strategies across the Black Sea Basin.